Muscle oxygenation and time to task failure of submaximal holding and pulling isometric muscle actions and influence of intermittent voluntary muscle twitches

Silas Dech; Frank N Bittmann; Laura V Schaefer

doi:10.1186/s13102-022-00447-9

Muscle oxygenation and time to task failure of submaximal holding and pulling isometric muscle actions and influence of intermittent voluntary muscle twitches

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2022 Mar 30;14(1):55. doi: 10.1186/s13102-022-00447-9.

Authors

Silas Dech¹, Frank N Bittmann², Laura V Schaefer²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Regulative Physiology and Prevention, Human Science Faculty, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14479, Potsdam, Germany. dech@uni-potsdam.de.
² Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Regulative Physiology and Prevention, Human Science Faculty, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14479, Potsdam, Germany.

Abstract

Background: Isometric muscle actions can be performed either by initiating the action, e.g., pulling on an immovable resistance (PIMA), or by reacting to an external load, e.g., holding a weight (HIMA). In the present study, it was mainly examined if these modalities could be differentiated by oxygenation variables as well as by time to task failure (TTF). Furthermore, it was analyzed if variables are changed by intermittent voluntary muscle twitches during weight holding (Twitch). It was assumed that twitches during a weight holding task change the character of the isometric muscle action from reacting (≙ HIMA) to acting (≙ PIMA).

Methods: Twelve subjects (two drop outs) randomly performed two tasks (HIMA vs. PIMA or HIMA vs. Twitch, n = 5 each) with the elbow flexors at 60% of maximal torque maintained until muscle failure with each arm. Local capillary venous oxygen saturation (SvO₂) and relative hemoglobin amount (rHb) were measured by light spectrometry.

Results: Within subjects, no significant differences were found between tasks regarding the behavior of SvO₂ and rHb, the slope and extent of deoxygenation (max. SvO₂ decrease), SvO₂ level at global rHb minimum, and time to SvO₂ steady states. The TTF was significantly longer during Twitch and PIMA (incl. Twitch) compared to HIMA (p = 0.043 and 0.047, respectively). There was no substantial correlation between TTF and maximal deoxygenation independently of the task (r = - 0.13).

Conclusions: HIMA and PIMA seem to have a similar microvascular oxygen and blood supply. The supply might be sufficient, which is expressed by homeostatic steady states of SvO₂ in all trials and increases in rHb in most of the trials. Intermittent voluntary muscle twitches might not serve as a further support but extend the TTF. A changed neuromuscular control is discussed as possible explanation.

Keywords: Holding isometric muscle action; Isometric contraction; Isometric muscle action; Microvascular blood filling; Muscle twitch; Oxygen saturation; Pulling isometric muscle action; Pushing isometric muscle action; Time to task failure.