Aging is a process of gradually reducing abilities and functional capacities of the organism. It is a universal process with a considerable degree of variability that is characteristic of all higher animals. Among the theories of ageing, the theory of damage accumulation, which integrates the mechanisms of ageing known to date, is currently widely accepted. This theory is based on pathophysiological processes, injurious changes can occur in the human body. These changes can be understood as damage. Due to the continuous accumulation of damage, the whole system is subsequently deteriorated. The aim of the present work is to characterize the basic pathophysiological mechanisms of aging (damage) in the light of current scientific knowledge and to show them in their hierarchical context.
Keywords: Physiology; aging; cell; genome; sarcopenia.