P2Y12-dependent activation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells promotes emergency hematopoiesis after myocardial infarction

Abstract

Emergency hematopoiesis is the driving force of the inflammatory response to myocardial infarction (MI). Increased proliferation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (LSK) after MI enhances cell production in the bone marrow (BM) and replenishes leukocyte supply for local cell recruitment to the infarct. Decoding the regulation of the inflammatory cascade after MI may provide new avenues to improve post-MI remodeling. In this study, we describe the influence of adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-dependent P2Y₁₂-mediated signaling on emergency hematopoiesis and cardiac remodeling after MI. Permanent coronary ligation was performed to induce MI in a murine model. BM activation, inflammatory cell composition and cardiac function were assessed using global and platelet-specific gene knockout and pharmacological inhibition models for P2Y₁₂. Complementary in vitro studies allowed for investigation of ADP-dependent effects on LSK cells. We found that ADP acts as a danger signal for the hematopoietic BM and fosters emergency hematopoiesis by promoting Akt phosphorylation and cell cycle progression. We were able to detect P2Y₁₂ in LSK, implicating a direct effect of ADP on LSK via P2Y₁₂ signaling. P2Y₁₂ knockout and P2Y₁₂ inhibitor treatment with prasugrel reduced emergency hematopoiesis and the excessive inflammatory response to MI, translating to lower numbers of downstream progeny and inflammatory cells in the blood and infarct. Ultimately, P2Y₁₂ inhibition preserved cardiac function and reduced chronic adverse cardiac remodeling after MI. P2Y₁₂-dependent signaling is involved in emergency hematopoiesis after MI and fuels post-ischemic inflammation, proposing a novel, non-canonical value for P2Y₁₂ antagonists beyond inhibition of platelet-mediated atherothrombosis.

Keywords: ADP; Hematopoiesis; Inflammation; Myocardial infarction; P2Y12 receptor.