The Association Between the Duration, Treatment, Control of Hypertension and Lifestyle Risk Factors in Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Case-Control Study

Xiwu Yan; Ting Meng; Huaijun Liu; Jinfeng Liu; Juan Du; Cheng Chang

doi:10.2147/NDT.S353164

The Association Between the Duration, Treatment, Control of Hypertension and Lifestyle Risk Factors in Middle-Aged and Elderly Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Case-Control Study

Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2022 Mar 19:18:585-595. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S353164. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Xiwu Yan^{1

2

3}, Ting Meng^{2

3}, Huaijun Liu², Jinfeng Liu³, Juan Du¹, Cheng Chang³

Affiliations

¹ Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
² Key Laboratory of Cognitive Impairment Research, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
³ Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.

Abstract

Background: Epidemiological studies suggest that the incidence of hypertension in China is causally related to cognitive impairment. However, there is a dearth of information available regarding important factors for the association, including disease duration, therapeutic options, and risk factors associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in patients with hypertension.

Methods: We selected a diverse cohort of 572 patients with hypertension and assessed cognitive function using MoCA. Potential risk factors were investigated by a structured questionnaire. Risk factors associated with the hypertension-induced MCI occurring conversion of were analyzed using multifactorial regression analysis.

Results: MCI was observed in 256 of 572 individuals, which increased with age (OR=1.15, 95% CI 1.10-1.20), but was decreased with high education status (OR=0.47, 95% CI 0.32-0.71). Risk factors independently associated with MCI were diabetes (OR=2.40, 95% CI 1.53-3.76), hyperlipidemia (OR=1.49, 95%=1.01-2.16), high salt diet (OR=2.27, 95% CI 1.34-3.84), and physical activity:>2h/week (OR=0.65, 95%0.44-0.94). However, controlling blood pressure to "normal" target values helped decrease the incidence of MCI (OR=0.44, 95% CI 0.30-0.65): this was not age dependent.

Conclusion: Our results suggest that it is necessary to promote the education of the middle-aged and elderly Chinese population to correctly and effectively use anti-hypertensives to control hypertension to a normal range to prevent cognitive.

Keywords: control; hypertension; mild cognitive impairment; risk factors.