Advanced imaging is often used to supplement clinical information in guiding management for patients with heart failure. 3 dimensional (3D) imaging datasets allow for a better understanding of the relevant cardiac spatial anatomic relationships. 3D printing technology takes this one step further and allows for the creation of patient-specific physical cardiac models. In this review, we summarize some of the recent innovative applications of this technique to patients with heart failure from different etiologies, to provide more patient-directed care.
Keywords: 3D modeling; 3D printing; Heart failure; Medical modeling; Procedural planning.
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