Influence of curing modes on monomer elution, sorption and solubility of dual-cure resin-cements

Mohammed Aldhafyan; Nikolaos Silikas; David C Watts

doi:10.1016/j.dental.2022.03.004

Influence of curing modes on monomer elution, sorption and solubility of dual-cure resin-cements

Dent Mater. 2022 Jun;38(6):978-988. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.03.004. Epub 2022 Mar 24.

Authors

Mohammed Aldhafyan¹, Nikolaos Silikas², David C Watts³

Affiliations

¹ Biomaterials Science, Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, UK; Division of Dental Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.
² Biomaterials Science, Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, UK. Electronic address: Nick.Silikas@manchester.ac.uk.
³ Biomaterials Science, Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, UK; Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, UK. Electronic address: david.watts@manchester.ac.uk.

PMID: 35339295
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.03.004

Abstract

Objective: To explore the effect of two curing modes, for dual-cure resin cements, on their monomer elution, water sorption and solubility after 30 d water storage and 30 d dry reconditioning.

Methods: Eight dual-cure resin-cements were investigated (Bifix SE, Nexus Third Generation, PANAVIA SA, PANAVIA V5, RelyX Ultimate Universal, RelyX Unicem 2, RelyX Universal and SpeedCEM Plus). Six disk-shaped specimens were made per curing mode: light-cure (LC) versus self-cure (SC) to measure amounts of eluted monomers after 30 d of water storage at 37 °C. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC MS/MS) was performed to identify and quantify three eluted monomers (Bis-GMA, UDMA and TEGDMA). Water sorption/ solubility specimens were prepared according to ISO 4049. Specimens from each curing mode (LC/SC) were immersed separately in distilled water for 30 d and then reconditioned for 30 d; all at 37 °C. Mass change was measured at different time intervals. Data were analyzed via one-way ANOVA, Tukey post-hoc tests and independent sample t-tests (α = 0.05).

Results: After 30 d of water storage, the three monomers Bis-GMA, UDMA and TEGDMA were detected in water. All monomers showed a variable extent of elution into water and were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) with SC compared to LC curing modes. BSE had the highest quantity of eluted monomers. After 30 d of water sorption (μg/mm³), all rein-cements showed significantly higher sorption (p < 0.05) of SC compared to LC curing modes except for PV5, RXU and CEM (p > 0.05). After 30 d of water solubility (μg/mm³), all resin-cements showed significantly higher solubility (p < 0.0001) of SC compared to LC curing mode. BSE had the highest water sorption and solubility. The total amounts of eluted monomers correlated positively with solubility: r² = 0.95 for LC and r² = 0.93 for SC.

Significance: Whenever light access is possible, light curing remains beneficial to reduce the extent of resin degradation and related properties of dual-cure resin cements. BSE showed statistically the highest extent of eluted monomers, sorption and solubility.

Keywords: Curing modes; Dual-cure cements; Elution; Liquid chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Monomer; Solubility; Sorption.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate
Materials Testing
Resin Cements* / chemistry
Solubility
Tandem Mass Spectrometry*
Water

Substances

Resin Cements
Water
Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate