Microbial Community Structure and Ecological Networks during Simulation of Diatom Sinking

Ying Liu; Mengchu Zeng; Zhe Xie; Daliang Ning; Jizhong Zhou; Xi Yu; Rulong Liu; Li Zhang; Jiasong Fang

doi:10.3390/microorganisms10030639

Microbial Community Structure and Ecological Networks during Simulation of Diatom Sinking

Microorganisms. 2022 Mar 17;10(3):639. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10030639.

Authors

Ying Liu¹, Mengchu Zeng², Zhe Xie¹, Daliang Ning³, Jizhong Zhou^{3

4

5

6}, Xi Yu¹, Rulong Liu¹, Li Zhang¹, Jiasong Fang^{1

7}

Affiliations

¹ Hadal Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
² State Key Laboratory of Geological Process and Mineral Resources, Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
³ Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
⁴ School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
⁵ Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA.
⁶ State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
⁷ Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.

Abstract

Microbial-mediated utilization of particulate organic matter (POM) during its downward transport from the surface to the deep ocean constitutes a critical component of the global ocean carbon cycle. However, it remains unclear as to how high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and low temperature (LT) with the sinking particles affects community structure and network interactions of the particle-attached microorganisms (PAM) and those free-living microorganisms (FLM) in the surrounding water. In this study, we investigated microbial succession and network interactions in experiments simulating POM sinking in the ocean. Diatom-derived ¹³C- and ¹²C-labeled POM were used to incubate surface water microbial communities from the East China Sea (ECS) under pressure (temperature) of 0.1 (25 °C), 20 (4 °C), and 40 (4 °C) MPa (megapascal). Our results show that the diversity and species richness of the PAM and FLM communities decreased significantly with HHP and LT. Microbial community analysis indicated an increase in the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes at high pressure (40 MPa), mostly at the expense of Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, and Gracilibacteria at atmospheric pressure. Hydrostatic pressure and temperature affected lifestyle preferences between particle-attached (PA) and free-living (FL) microbes. Ecological network analysis showed that HHP and LT enhanced microbial network interactions and resulted in higher vulnerability to networks of the PAM communities and more resilience of those of the FLM communities. Most interestingly, the PAM communities occupied most of the module hubs of the networks, whereas the FLM communities mainly served as connectors of the modules, suggesting their different ecological roles of the two groups of microbes. These results provided novel insights into how HHP and LT affected microbial community dynamics, ecological networks during POM sinking, and the implications for carbon cycling in the ocean.

Keywords: DNA-SIP; free-living microorganisms; hydrostatic pressure; microbial interactions; particle-attached microorganisms; particulate organic matter.