A tumor-targeted near-infrared (NIR) fluorophore CA800Cl was developed based on commercially available IR-786 by modulating its physicochemical properties. IR-786, a hydrophobic cationic heptamethine cyanine fluorophore, was previously recognized as a mitochondria-targeting NIR agent with excellent optical properties. Owing to the poor tumor specificity of IR-786 itself, in vivo studies on tumor-targeted imaging have not yet been investigated. A chloro-cyclohexene ring and indolium side groups on the heptamethine chain are key structural features that improve tumor targetability, owing to better biodistribution and clearance. Thus, IR-786 should be designed to be more soluble in aqueous solutions so that it can preferentially accumulate in the tumor based on the structure-inherent targeting strategy. In this study, we developed a bifunctional NIR fluorophore CA800Cl by incorporating carboxylate moieties in the basic structure of IR-786. This improved its tumor targetability and water solubility, thereby enabling the use of CA800Cl for enhanced photothermal cancer therapy.
Keywords: IR-786; near-infrared fluorescence imaging; near-infrared fluorophores; photothermal therapy; tumor targeting.