Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease. In an aging society, the high prevalence of AD and the low quality of life of AD patients create serious problems for individuals, families and the society. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of AD are still not fully understood. Age, genetics, environment and other factors are all relevant to AD, and treatment has not achieved satisfactory results. Recent studies have found that oral dysbiosis is closely related to the pathogenesis of AD, and that oral bacterial infection may be one of the causes of AD. Oral cavity is the largest microbial ecosystem of human body, and its homeostasis is critical to health. Bacterial infections caused by oral dysbiosis can directly and indirectly induce the metabolic imbalance of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) in the brain and the hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein. Then, the precipitation forms senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) that damage neurons. Based on the latest research findings, we herein discussed the correlation between oral microbiota and the pathogenesis of AD and the mechanisms involved, as well as the pathogenic mechanism of main oral bacteria. In addition, we explored the potential application prospects of oral microbiota-targeted therapy.
阿尔茨海默症（Alzheimer’s disease, AD）是一种常见的神经退行性疾病。在老龄化社会中，AD的高患病率和低生活质量给个人、家庭和社会带来严重困扰，但AD的病因和致病机制并未完全明确，年龄、遗传、环境等因素都与之有关，治疗也没有令人满意的效果。最近有研究表示，口腔菌群失调与AD发病有密切关系，口腔细菌感染可能是引发AD的病因之一。口腔是人体最大的微生物生态系统，其稳态对健康至关重要。口腔菌群紊乱导致的细菌感染会通过直接和间接作用造成大脑内β-淀粉样蛋白（amyloid β-protein, Aβ）代谢失衡，Tau蛋白过磷酸化，沉积形成老年斑和神经原纤维缠结（neurofibrillary tangles, NFTs）损伤神经元。本文根据最新的研究进展，讨论口腔菌群与AD发生的相关性和机制，以及主要口腔细菌的致病机制，探索口腔菌群靶向疗法的潜在应用前景。
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Neuroinflammation; Oral microbiota; Porphyromonas gingivalis.
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