Dry Grinding Synthesis and Docking Study of Cyclopentanone-Sulfur Containing Compounds with Anti-Proliferative Activity for HepG-2 and A-549 Cancer Cell Lines

Abstract

Background: The dry grinding method is a green technique for efficient organic synthesis with numerous advantages, such as mild reaction conditions, environmental acceptability, simple segregation, and refinement, as well as elevated selectivity and efficiency.

Objective: The aim of the present work is to design and synthesize cyclopentylidene-hydrazino)- thiazole derivatives using dry grinding conditions to investigate their antitumor activity against two cell lines, namely, HepG-2 and A-549.

Methods: In this context, we synthesized a series of thiazole incorporated cyclopentane through hydrazone- group and 2-cyclopentylidenehydrazine-1-carbimidic-2-ethoxy-N-aryl-2-oxoacetohydrazonic thioanhydride under dry grinding within minutes and excellent to good yield.

Results: All spectral data confirmed the proposed structures. In addition to antitumor activity investigations against the two kinds of cancer cells, molecular docking studies were conducted using Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (Pdb: 4k9g) and Lysozyme C (Pdb: 2f4a), the overexpressed proteins in the human liver cancer cell (HepG-2) and lung cancer cell lines (A-549), respectively.

Conclusion: Two derivatives, 9b, and 9d, showed the highest antitumor activity against the two cell lines HepG-2 and A-549. Also, docking results revealed a high energy score ranging from -7.1590 to -5.9364 Kcal/mol with Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (Pdb: 4k9g), more than that the energy score = -4.118 Kcal/mol of co-crystallized ligand. Moreover, the tested derivatives showed energy score varies from -6.0802 to -4.5503 Kcal/mol against Lysozyme C (Pdb: 2f4a).

Keywords: Thiazoles; antitumor activity; cancer; docking study; dry grinding; free solvent reaction.