Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Cognitive Decline Among Chinese Older Adults: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study

Fang Liang; Jialin Fu; Justin B Moore; Xinge Zhang; Yijia Xu; Nan Qiu; Yechuang Wang; Rui Li

doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.737532

Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Cognitive Decline Among Chinese Older Adults: A Nationwide Retrospective Cohort Study

Front Aging Neurosci. 2022 Mar 7:14:737532. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.737532. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Fang Liang¹, Jialin Fu¹, Justin B Moore², Xinge Zhang³, Yijia Xu¹, Nan Qiu¹, Yechuang Wang¹, Rui Li^{1

4}

Affiliations

¹ School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
² Department of Implementation Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.
³ Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
⁴ School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.

Abstract

Background: The reported associations between body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and cognitive decline are not consistent, especially in older adults.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the longitudinal associations of BMI, WC, and their change values with cognitive decline among Chinese adults aged 60 years and older and to examine the potential moderating effect of sex on these relationships.

Methods: The participants in this study were from waves one to four (2011-2018) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Cognition function, BMI, and WC were measured at four examinations over 7 years. The interview-based cognitive assessments of memory, orientation and attention, and visuospatial ability were recorded. Standardized global cognitive scores were generated. BMI and WC were objectively measured. Mixed-effects models were performed to evaluate the associations.

Results: A final sample of 3,035 Chinese older adults [mean (SD) age, 66.94 (5.43) years; 40.16% (n = 1,219) women] were included. Higher BMI (estimate = 0.0107; SE = 0.0024; p < 0.0001) and WC (estimate = 0.0019; SE = 0.0006; p = 0.0037) were associated with slower cognition score decline over a 7-year follow-up, while greater BMI variability (estimate = -0.0365; SE = 0.0116; p = 0.0017) was related to faster cognition score decline. The results were not modified by sex. BMI-defined overweight (estimate = 0.0094; SE = 0.0043; p = 0.0298) was associated with a slower cognition score decline, and both large weight gain (estimate = -0.0266; SE = 0.0074; p = 0.0003) and large WC loss (estimate = -0.0668; SE = 0.0329; p = 0.0426) were associated with faster cognition score decline.

Conclusion: Among Chinese older adults, higher BMI, higher WC, and overweight are related to slower cognitive decline, while greater BMI variability, large weight gain, and large WC loss are associated with faster cognitive decline.

Keywords: body mass index; cognitive decline; cohort; older adults; waist circumference.