Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most frequent disease in the world and the second cause of cancer-related death. In this way, over 80% of diagnoses are made in the middle to advanced degrees of the disease, underscoring the requirement for innovative biomarkers that can be identified quickly. Meaningly, biomarkers that can complement endoscopic diagnosis and be used to detect patients with a high risk of GC are desperately needed. These biomarkers will allow for the accurate prediction of therapy response and prognosis in GC patients, as well as the development of an optimal treatment strategy for each individual. Conspicuously, microRNAs (miRNAs) and small noncoding RNA regulate the expression of target mRNA, thereby modifying critical biological mechanisms. According to the data, abnormally miRNAs expression in GC is linked to tumor growth, carcinogenesis, aggression, and distant metastasis. Importantly, miRNA expression patterns and nextgeneration sequencing (NGS) can also be applied to analyze different kinds of tissues and cancers. Given the high death rates and poor prognosis of GC, and the absence of a clinical diagnostic factor that is adequately sensitive to GC, research on novel sensitive and specific markers for GC diagnosis is critical. In this review, we examine the latest research findings that suggest the feasibility and clinical utility of miRNAs in GC.
Keywords: biomarker; diagnosis; gastric cancer; microRNA; next generation sequencing (NGS); therapeutic target.
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