Combination Image Analysis of Tongue Color and Sublingual Vein Improves the Diagnostic Accuracy of Oketsu (Blood Stasis) in Kampo Medicine

Akira Morita; Aya Murakami; Keigo Noguchi; Yuki Watanabe; Toshiya Nakaguchi; Sadayuki Ochi; Kazuho Okudaira; Yoshiro Hirasaki; Takao Namiki

doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.790542

Combination Image Analysis of Tongue Color and Sublingual Vein Improves the Diagnostic Accuracy of Oketsu (Blood Stasis) in Kampo Medicine

Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Mar 3:8:790542. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.790542. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Akira Morita¹, Aya Murakami², Keigo Noguchi³, Yuki Watanabe¹, Toshiya Nakaguchi⁴, Sadayuki Ochi², Kazuho Okudaira², Yoshiro Hirasaki¹, Takao Namiki¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Japanese-Oriental (Kampo) Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
² Faculty of Pharmacy, Center for Pharmaceutical Education, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama, Japan.
³ Department of Medical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
⁴ Department of Research and Development, Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.

Abstract

Aim: In tongue diagnosis, a dark purple tongue and enlarged sublingual vein are important findings of Oketsu (blood stasis). However, the association between the tongue color and the sublingual vein has not been reported. This study investigated the association between the tongue color values and the sublingual vein width using tongue image analyzing system (TIAS) for the objective assessment of blood stasis.

Methods: A total of 38 patients (age 68.7 ± 11.3 years, 14 men and 24 women) who visited the Department of Kampo Medicine at Chiba University Hospital were included. Physical findings, blood test results, blood stasis score from medical records, and tongue images obtained with TIAS were analyzed. The patients were classified into two groups: patients with a sublingual vein width of ≤2.5 mm (20 patients) and those with a width of >2.5 mm (18 patients). The physical findings and the blood test results of the two groups were analyzed by Wilcoxon's rank-sum test or χ²-test, whereas logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between the tongue color values and sublingual vein width. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to differentiate blood stasis.

Results: The color values significantly related to the sublingual vein width (mm) were the P1-L^* and P4-L^* (darkness of the tongue edge and tongue apex) and the P1-b^* and P2-b^* (blueness of the tongue edge and tongue posterior). The area under the curve was greater for the combination of the tongue color values and the sublingual vein width than that for either of them.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated an objective evaluation of blood stasis in the tongue of patients with dark-blue discoloration and an enlarged sublingual vein. In addition, the combination of the tongue color and the sublingual vein is expected to facilitate a more reliable diagnosis of blood stasis.

Keywords: Kampo medicine; Oketsu (blood stasis); sublingual vein; tongue color; tongue diagnosis; tongue image analyzing system.