Background: As a lipid-soluble vitamin necessary for normal human physiology, vitamin D is mostly used in fortified foods, medicines and adjuvant treatment of diseases. However, taken in high doses, vitamin D can be toxic.
Methods: We treated RAW264.7 cells with a semi-inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) of vitamin D3 . The metabolic changes in the treated cells were analyzed by 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS).
Results: After treatment of RAW264.7 cells with an IC50 dose of 55 μm vitamin D3 , tunor necrosis factor-α levels decreased significantly and remarkable metabolic differences were also observed, with 12 types of metabolites were identified by 1 H NMR and 87 identified by UPLC-MS/MS. Moreover, the metabolism of amino acids, sugars, lipids and other metabolic pathways were also affected.
Conclusion: Although vitamin D3 is an indispensable nutrient in the body, excessive exposure has negative effects on cells and their metabolism. The present study will assist further analyses of the mechanism underlying vitamin D3 toxicity. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Keywords: NMR; RAW264.7 cells; UPLC-MS/MS; metabolomics; vitamin D3.
© 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.