In vitro anthelmintic activity of Dennettia tripetala G. Baker (Annonaceae) Fruits against Haemonchus contortus

Rachel A Nwosu; Mohammed M Suleiman; Hussaina J Makun; Matthew P Ameh; Manji A Shetshak; Isaac O Akefe

doi:10.1007/s12639-021-01438-2

In vitro anthelmintic activity of Dennettia tripetala G. Baker (Annonaceae) Fruits against Haemonchus contortus

J Parasit Dis. 2022 Mar;46(1):220-229. doi: 10.1007/s12639-021-01438-2. Epub 2021 Aug 17.

Authors

Rachel A Nwosu¹, Mohammed M Suleiman¹, Hussaina J Makun², Matthew P Ameh¹, Manji A Shetshak¹, Isaac O Akefe³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
² Small Ruminant Research Programme, National Animal Production Research Institute, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
³ Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria.

Abstract

Helminthosis is one of the greatest causes of parasitic disease and loss in animal productivity. As such, the control of helminth parasites is of critical importance. This study was aimed to investigate the in vitro anthelmintic activity of Dennettia tripetala G. Baker (Annonaceae) fruits against Haemonchus contortus. Using in vitro techniques, the anthelmintic activity of extracts and fractions of D. tripetala G. Baker (Annonaceae) was evaluated for ovicidal (Egg hatch inhibition test) and larvicidal (larval mortality test) activity. Besides, the maximum tolerated dose was determined in adult albino rats administered, 300, 400, and 500 mg/kg body weight of the CME fraction, and observed over a period of 48 h for signs of toxicity and mortality. Phytochemical screening uncovered the occurrence of flavonoids, steroids/triterpenes, cardiac glycosides, saponins, tannins, carbohydrates, and alkaloids in the crude methanol extract (CME), the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), and butanol fraction. The maximum tolerated dose of the CME of D. tripetala did not produce observable signs of toxicity or death in all the rats given up to 500 mg/kg. The CME and EAF of D. tripetala fruits produced a significant ( $p < 0.05$ ) reduction in the hatchability of H. contortus eggs in a concentration-dependent manner, while the CME at concentrations between 12.5 and 100 mg/ml completely inhibited the hatching of H. contortus eggs. Similarly, EAF at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/ml completely inhibited the hatching of H. contortus eggs. The CME and EAF of D. tripetala fruits produced significant ( $p < 0.05$ ) larvicidal activity against L₃ of H. contortus in a concentration-dependent manner while the CME at concentrations between 6.25 and 100 mg/ml caused larval mortality of H. contortus L₃ larvae completely. This study suggests that methanol extract and fractions of D. tripetala fruits possess beneficial anthelmintic (ovicidal and larvicidal) activity against H. contortus, and may be a suitable alternative anthelmintic candidate for the control of nematodes.

Keywords: Anthelmintic; Dennettia tripetala; Haemonchus contortus; In vitro; Nematodes; Parasites.