Study of ABO Blood Group Susceptibility to Coronavirus Disease - COVID-19

Sushma Bommanavar; V C Patil; Alexander Maniangat Luke; Mohamed Jaber; Jagadish Hosmani

doi:10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_21_21

Study of ABO Blood Group Susceptibility to Coronavirus Disease - COVID-19

J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2021 Sep-Dec;25(3):396-399. doi: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_21_21. Epub 2022 Jan 11.

Authors

Sushma Bommanavar¹, V C Patil², Alexander Maniangat Luke³, Mohamed Jaber³, Jagadish Hosmani⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, School of Dental Sciences, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Karad, Maharashtra, India.
² Department of Medicine, Krishna Institute of Dental College and Hospital, Karad, Maharashtra, India.
³ Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE.
⁴ Department of Diagnostic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Background: The pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 highlighting the zoonotic cross-over link in the present century has provoked an emergency worldwide. Recent experimental evidence supporting the proposition of ABO blood grouping and its susceptibility in certain blood group individuals has created interest among researchers to explore more.

Aim: The aim of this study is to find the susceptibility of "ABO" blood group in COVID-19-positive cases.

Objectives: Association of ABO blood group patterns with COVID-19-positive cases.

Materials and methods: A cross-sectional, observational study design was conducted among 728 confirmed positive COVID-19 admitted to the tertiary health care center in Maharashtra from June 01, 2020 to August 31, 2020. The inclusion criteria were COVID-19-positive cases confirmed by positive real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction test of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. We collected the demographic details, associated clinical symptoms and ABO blood groups from all the patients. The data collected were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results: The most common blood group affected was B + (35.5%) followed by A + (26.10%), AB + (20.60%) and O + (11.18%) and the least common was AB- (0.96%), O- (1.51%), A- (1.65%) and B- (1.79%).

Conclusions: ABO blood grouping can be used as one of the simplest yet efficient markers for COVID-19. Blood group B Rh-positive and A Rh-positive were the most prevalent blood group types in patients with COVID-19.

Keywords: 2019 novel coronavirus disease; ABO blood group; spike glycoprotein; susceptibility.