Thirty-day mortality with andexanet alfa compared with prothrombin complex concentrate therapy for life-threatening direct oral anticoagulant-related bleeding

Alexander T Cohen; Megan Lewis; Augusta Connor; Stuart J Connolly; Patrick Yue; John Curnutte; Raza Alikhan; Peter MacCallum; Joachim Tan; Laura Green

doi:10.1002/emp2.12655

Thirty-day mortality with andexanet alfa compared with prothrombin complex concentrate therapy for life-threatening direct oral anticoagulant-related bleeding

J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open. 2022 Mar 5;3(2):e12655. doi: 10.1002/emp2.12655. eCollection 2022 Apr.

Authors

Alexander T Cohen¹, Megan Lewis², Augusta Connor², Stuart J Connolly³, Patrick Yue⁴, John Curnutte⁴, Raza Alikhan⁵, Peter MacCallum^{6

7}, Joachim Tan⁸, Laura Green^{6

9

10}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Haematological Medicine Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals London UK.
² HEOR and Access FIECON Ltd St Albans UK.
³ Population Health Research Institute McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada.
⁴ Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc. now Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. South San Francisco California USA.
⁵ University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board Cardiff UK.
⁶ Haemostasis and Transfusion Barts Health NHS Trust London UK.
⁷ Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine Queen Mary University of London London UK.
⁸ Population Health Research Institute St George's, University of London London UK.
⁹ Blizard Institute Queen Mary University of London London UK.
¹⁰ NHS Blood and Transplant London UK.

Abstract

Objective: Compare 30-day mortality among patients receiving the specific reversal agent andexanet alfa versus replacement prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) in the management of direct-acting oral anticoagulant (DOAC)-related bleeds.

Methods: Two patient-level datasets were used: ANNEXA-4, a prospective, single-arm trial of patients taking apixaban or rivaroxaban who received andexanet alfa and ORANGE, a prospective, observational study of anticoagulated patients in UK hospitals, some of whom received PCC. Patients were propensity score matched based on demographic and clinical characteristics. Subgroup analyses were performed by bleed type (intracranial hemorrhage [ICH], gastrointestinal [GI], other). Relative risk (RR) of all-cause 30-day mortality was calculated.

Results: 322 ANNEXA-4 patients treated with andexanet alfa (mean age = 77.7 years; 64.9% ICH) were matched with 88 ORANGE patients treated with PCC (mean age = 74.9 years, 67.1% ICH). Adjusted 30-day mortality for patients treated with andexanet alfa (14.6%) was lower than patients treated with PCC (34.1%; RR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.29-0.63). In the ICH subgroup, patients treated with andexanet alfa had lower mortality (15.3%) than patients treated with PCC (48.9%; RR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.20-0.48). Mortality risk was lowest for patients in the GI subgroup but did not differ significantly by treatment (12.2% for andexanet alfa vs 25.0% for PCC; RR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.21-1.16).

Conclusions: In this propensity score-matched comparison across 2 independent datasets, adjusted 30-day mortality rates were lower for patients treated with andexanet alfa than in matched patients receiving PCC. This indirect comparison was limited in that it could not account for several highly predictive variables including GCS score, hematoma volume, and expected survival. Further research is warranted to confirm the mortality differences between reversal/replacement agents for DOAC-related bleeding.