Background: Following the adoption of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosis by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2014, many investigators have tried to identify independent risk factors for antenatal insulin therapy (AIT). The purpose of the current study is to build and validate a score that stratifies patients according to their need for AIT.
Methods: All pregnant women diagnosed with GDM according to the IADPSG definition were included. Group 1 comprised patients of 2018, and group 2 comprised patients of 2019. Each group was divided into two subgroups: subgroup A comprised patients diagnosed according to the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and subgroup B comprised patients diagnosed according to fasting plasma glucose (FPG).
Results: A total of 1298 patients were included; 19.3% of those diagnosed by OGTT and 40.9% by FPG required AIT. The risk for AIT was stratified as low, moderate, and high. Brugmann FPG score comprised six risk factors and Brugmann OGTT score 12. Higher scores were associated with higher risk for AIT. The use of these scores in the two subgroups of group 2 showed no statistical differences compared to group 1.
Conclusions: Both Brugmann FPG and OGTT scores may be useful to stratify patients with GDM according to their need for AIT. Future studies should be conducted to prospectively validate these scores, and to examine whether or not using oral anti-hyperglycemic agents in a high-risk group may decrease the need for AIT.
Keywords: Antenatal insulin therapy; gestational diabetes mellitus; medical nutritional therapy; oral glucose tolerance test; scores.