Deep inference of seabird dives from GPS-only records: Performance and generalization properties

PLoS Comput Biol. 2022 Mar 11;18(3):e1009890. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009890. eCollection 2022 Mar.

Abstract

At-sea behaviour of seabirds have received significant attention in ecology over the last decades as it is a key process in the ecology and fate of these populations. It is also, through the position of top predator that these species often occupy, a relevant and integrative indicator of the dynamics of the marine ecosystems they rely on. Seabird trajectories are recorded through the deployment of GPS, and a variety of statistical approaches have been tested to infer probable behaviours from these location data. Recently, deep learning tools have shown promising results for the segmentation and classification of animal behaviour from trajectory data. Yet, these approaches have not been widely used and investigation is still needed to identify optimal network architecture and to demonstrate their generalization properties. From a database of about 300 foraging trajectories derived from GPS data deployed simultaneously with pressure sensors for the identification of dives, this work has benchmarked deep neural network architectures trained in a supervised manner for the prediction of dives from trajectory data. It first confirms that deep learning allows better dive prediction than usual methods such as Hidden Markov Models. It also demonstrates the generalization properties of the trained networks for inferring dives distribution for seabirds from other colonies and ecosystems. In particular, convolutional networks trained on Peruvian boobies from a specific colony show great ability to predict dives of boobies from other colonies and from distinct ecosystems. We further investigate accross-species generalization using a transfer learning strategy known as 'fine-tuning'. Starting from a convolutional network pre-trained on Guanay cormorant data reduced by two the size of the dataset needed to accurately predict dives in a tropical booby from Brazil. We believe that the networks trained in this study will provide relevant starting point for future fine-tuning works for seabird trajectory segmentation.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Behavior, Animal
  • Birds
  • Diving*
  • Ecosystem*
  • Neural Networks, Computer

Grants and funding

This work is a contribution to the TRIATLAS project (European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program – grant agreement No. 817578), and to the Young Team IRD Programm (JEAI) for TABASCO project. RF was supported by LEFE program (LEFE MANU project IA-OAC), CNES (grant SWOT-DIEGO) and ANR Projects Melody and OceaniX. Fieldworks have been conducted thanks to the cooperative agreement between IRD, the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) project TOPINEME, and of the International Joint Laboratory LMI-DISCOH (to SLB). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.