Targeted therapy is the key for improving overall survival while decreasing the undesirable adverse effects of cancer treatment. Patients who received matched targeted therapies showed dramatically improved overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) compared to those without matched therapies. However, each patient responds to targeted therapy differently due to their unique genomic profile. The discrepancy of treatment response between clinical trials and real-world clinical practice highlights an unmet need to develop tailored therapies for individual patients. The development of cutting-edge technologies, such as next-generation sequencing, has enabled us to identify more actionable targets. In this special issue of BMC Medicine, a collection of highly translational and clinical oncology papers presented a series of studies on targeted therapies for a variety of cancer types, aiming to bridge the gap between genomic testing and precision medicine and spark innovations on improving the efficacy of targeted therapies.
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