An emerging body of evidence suggests that diet plays an important role in both the development and management of asthma. The relationship between dietary intake and asthma risk has been explored in epidemiological studies, though intervention trials examining the effects of nutrient intake and dietary patterns on asthma management are scarce. Evidence for diets high in fruits and vegetables, antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids and soluble fiber such as the Mediterranean diet is conflicting. However, some studies suggest that these diets may reduce the risk of asthma, particularly in young children, and could have positive effects on disease management. In contrast, a Westernized dietary pattern, high in saturated fatty acids, refined grains, and sugars may promote an inflammatory environment resulting in the onset of disease and worsening of asthma outcomes. This review will summarize the state of the evidence for the impact of whole dietary patterns, as well as individual nutrients, on the prevalence and management of asthma.
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