Protein-polysaccharide interactions for the fabrication of bioactive-loaded nanocarriers: Chemical conjugates and physical complexes

Abstract

As unique biopolymeric architectures, covalently and electrostatically protein-polysaccharide (PRO-POL) systems can be utilized for bioactive delivery by virtue of their featured structures and unique physicochemical attributes. PRO-POL systems (i. e, microscopic /nano-dimensional multipolymer particles, molecularly conjugated vehicles, hydrogels/nanogels/oleogels/emulgels, biofunctional films, multilayer emulsion-based delivery systems, particles for Pickering emulsions, and multilayer coated liposomal nanocarriers) possess a number of outstanding attributes, like biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bioavailability with low toxicity that qualify them as powerful agents for the delivery of different bioactive ingredients. To take benefits from these systems, an in-depth understanding of the chemical conjugates and physical complexes of the PRO-POL systems is crucial. In this review, we offer a comprehensive study concerning the unique properties of covalently/electrostatically PRO-POL systems and introduce emerging platforms to fabricate relevant nanocarriers for encapsulation of bioactive components along with a subsequent sustained/controlled release.

Keywords: Alginate (PubChem CID: 131704328); Bioactives; Carrageenan (PubChem CID: 78126884); Casein (PubChem CID: 73995022); Chitosan (PubChem CID: 71853); Curcumin (PubChem CID: 969516); Delivery systems; Electrostatic complexation; Genipin (PubChem CID: 442424); Maltodextrins (PubChem CID: 68229136); Millard conjugation; Pectin (PubChem CID: 441476); Polysaccharides; Proteins; gum Arabic (PubChem CID: 91333377); β-carotene (PubChem CID: 5280489).