Repetitive Negative Thinking Processes Account for Gender Differences in Depression and Anxiety During Adolescence

Fabiola Espinosa; Nuria Martin-Romero; Alvaro Sanchez-Lopez

doi:10.1007/s41811-022-00133-1

Repetitive Negative Thinking Processes Account for Gender Differences in Depression and Anxiety During Adolescence

Int J Cogn Ther. 2022;15(2):115-133. doi: 10.1007/s41811-022-00133-1. Epub 2022 Feb 26.

Authors

Fabiola Espinosa¹, Nuria Martin-Romero², Alvaro Sanchez-Lopez¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Personality, Evaluation and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Somosaguas Campus 28223, Madrid, Spain.
² Department of Educational Sciences, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.

Abstract

Rumination and worry are vulnerability factors involved in the early development of depression and anxiety during adolescence, particularly in girls. Current views conceptualize rumination and worry as transdiagnostic forms of repetitive negative thinking (RNT). However, most of research has analyzed them separately, without considering gender differences. We analyzed common and specific roles of rumination and worry in accounting for depressive and anxiety symptom levels overall and as a function of gender in adolescents (N = 159). Rumination and worry items were loaded into separate RNT factors. Girls showed a higher use of rumination and worry and higher levels of depression and anxiety than boys. Structural equation modeling supported that both RNT factors accounted for gender differences in symptom levels: rumination was the strongest mediator for depression and worry the strongest mediator for anxiety. Our findings support both general and specific contributions of RNT to account for affective symptomatology during adolescence, particularly in girls.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41811-022-00133-1.

Keywords: Adolescence; Anxiety; Depression; Gender differences; Repetitive negative thinking.