Anti-influenza Virus Activity of Methylthio-Formycin Distinct From That of T-705

Abstract

Seasonal influenza virus epidemics result in severe illness, and occasionally influenza pandemics cause significant morbidity and mortality, although vaccines and anti-influenza virus drugs are available. By screening an in-house library, we identified methylthio-formycin (SMeFM), an adenosine analog, as a potent inhibitor of influenza virus propagation. SMeFM inhibited the propagation of influenza A and B viruses (IC₅₀: 34.1 and 37.9 nM, respectively) and viruses showing reduced susceptibility to baloxavir and neuraminidase inhibitors but not T-705 (Favipiravir). However, the combination of T-705 and SMeFM inhibited the propagation of the influenza virus not in an antagonistic but in a slightly synergistic manner, suggesting that SMeFM has targets distinct from that of T-705. SMeFM induced A-to-C transversion mutations in virus genome RNA, and SMeFM triphosphate did not inhibit in vitro viral RNA synthesis. Our results show that SMeFM inhibits the propagation of the influenza virus by a mechanism different from that of T-705 and is a potential drug candidate to develop for anti-influenza drug.

Keywords: anti-influenza virus compound; antiviral compound; formycin; natural product; nucleoside analog.