Breast cancer: presentation, investigation and management

Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 2022 Feb 2;83(2):1-7. doi: 10.12968/hmed.2021.0459. Epub 2022 Feb 7.

Abstract

Breast cancer is the most common global malignancy and the leading cause of cancer deaths. Despite this, undergraduate and postgraduate exposure to breast cancer is limited, impacting on the ability of clinicians to accurately recognise, assess and refer appropriate patients. This article provides a comprehensive review of the pathology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, referral pathways and management of breast cancer in the UK. It also describes how to conduct a thorough clinical breast examination.

Keywords: Breast cancer; Breast examination; Breast surgery; Hormone therapy; Referral pathway.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Breast Neoplasms* / diagnosis
  • Breast Neoplasms* / epidemiology
  • Breast Neoplasms* / therapy
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Mass Screening
  • Referral and Consultation