The chemoprevention of spirulina platensis and garlic against diethylnitrosamine induced liver cancer in rats via amelioration of inflammatory cytokines expression and oxidative stress

Tarek Kamal Abouzed; Fayez Althobaiti; Alaa Faik Omran; Ehab Bedir Eldomany; Samir Ahmed El-Shazly; Fahad Alharthi; Azza Mansour Elkattawy; Khaled Abd Aleim Kahilo; Doaa Abdallha Dorghamm

doi:10.1093/toxres/tfab118

The chemoprevention of spirulina platensis and garlic against diethylnitrosamine induced liver cancer in rats via amelioration of inflammatory cytokines expression and oxidative stress

Toxicol Res (Camb). 2021 Dec 4;11(1):22-31. doi: 10.1093/toxres/tfab118. eCollection 2022 Feb.

Authors

Tarek Kamal Abouzed¹, Fayez Althobaiti², Alaa Faik Omran¹, Ehab Bedir Eldomany³, Samir Ahmed El-Shazly¹, Fahad Alharthi⁴, Azza Mansour Elkattawy¹, Khaled Abd Aleim Kahilo¹, Doaa Abdallha Dorghamm¹

Affiliations

¹ Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary, Medicine Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt.
² Biotechnology Department, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21995, Saudi Arabia.
³ Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef 62511, Egypt.
⁴ Department of Biology, Collage of Science, Taif University, Taif 21995, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Natural antioxidant products play a vital role in the treatment and prevention of cancer disease because they have no side effects. This study aimed to compare the chemoprotective effect of Spirulina platensis (SP) and garlic against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in rats. This study was being done by using 60 male Wistar rats and divided into four groups. Group (I): normal group. Group (II): HCC group induced by injection of a single dose of DEN (200 mg/kg/I.P) and after 14 days injected CCl4 (1 mg/kg/I.P) 3 times/week/six weeks. Group (III): HCC group received SP orally at a dose (500 mg/kg). Group (IV): HCC group received garlic (250 mg/kg) orally. The results revealed that the Spirulina and garlic treatment have a significant decrease in Glutamate pyruvate transaminase, Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, GGT, LDH, and the Malondialdehyde (MDA) activity, and furthermore, a significant increase in the total protein level, the superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Catalase (CAT) activity nearly to normal activity. Furthermore, the hepatic expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), inducible nitric oxide synthase, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β1), Heat Shock Protein glycoprotein 96 (HSPgp96), and Glypican 3 (GP3) were down regulated by the Spirulina and garlic treatment in comparison with those in HCC group. All findings reported that the chemoprotective of both Spirulina and garlic that have nearly the same effect may be due to antioxidant activity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation, amelioration of pro-inflammatory cytokine, HSPgp96, and GP3.

Keywords: GP3; HCC; HSPgp96; antioxidant; garlic; inflammatory mediators; spirulina.