Enigmazole C: A Cytotoxic Macrocyclic Lactone and Its Ring-Opened Derivatives from a New Species of Homophymia Sponge

J Nat Prod. 2022 Apr 22;85(4):1059-1066. doi: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c01179. Epub 2022 Mar 2.

Abstract

A new macrolide, enigmazole C (1), and two additional analogues, enigmazoles E (2) and D (3), were obtained from a new species of the Homophymia genus as part of an ongoing discovery program at PharmaMar to study cytotoxic substances from marine sources. The structures were fully characterized by cumulative analyses of NMR, IR, and MS spectra, along with density functional theory computational calculations. All three of the new compounds feature an unusual 2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-one moiety, but only enigmazoles C (1) and D (3) showed cytotoxic activity in the micromolar range against A-549 (lung), HT-29 (colon), MDA-MB-231 (breast), and PSN-1 (pancreas) tumor cells.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antineoplastic Agents* / chemistry
  • Antineoplastic Agents* / pharmacology
  • HT29 Cells
  • Humans
  • Lactones
  • Macrolides / chemistry
  • Molecular Structure
  • Porifera*

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Lactones
  • Macrolides