Intra-cavity dark pulse generation through synchronized sum-frequency mixing

Abstract

A Nd:YVO₄ laser operating at 1064 nm generating a stable mode-locked train of 10 ps-long dark pulses with a 211 MHz repetition rate is presented. The mode-locking relies on a periodic loss modulation produced by intra-cavity sum-frequency mixing with a synchronous bright-pulse train from a mode-locked femtosecond Yb:KYW laser at 1040 nm. A modulation depth of 90% was achieved for the dark pulses, confirmed by cross-correlation measurements. The ultrafast loss modulation injects power into the Nd:YVO₄ laser cavity modes beyond the laser gain bandwidth. At proper laser cavity length, the detuning interaction of these modes with the lasing modes leads to the generation of periodic ultrafast transients at frequencies above 1.5 THz.