Evaluation of the periodontal viruses in cardiovascular patients associated with periodontitis

Paavai Ilango; Jaideep Mahendra; Little Mahendra; Sanjay M Cherian; Vasugi Suresh; Arulpari Mahalingam; Vinoth Khanna; Abirami Thanigaimalai

doi:10.1111/odi.14175

Evaluation of the periodontal viruses in cardiovascular patients associated with periodontitis

Oral Dis. 2023 May;29(4):1826-1835. doi: 10.1111/odi.14175. Epub 2022 Mar 22.

Authors

Paavai Ilango¹, Jaideep Mahendra², Little Mahendra³, Sanjay M Cherian⁴, Vasugi Suresh⁵, Arulpari Mahalingam⁶, Vinoth Khanna⁷, Abirami Thanigaimalai¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Periodontics, Priyadarshini Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India.
² Department of Periodontics, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India.
³ Department of Periodontics, Maktoum bin Hamdan Dental University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
⁴ Department of Cardiac Surgery, Frontier Lifeline Hospital, Chennai, India.
⁵ Department of Physiology, Priyadarshini Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India.
⁶ Department of Pedodontics, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India.
⁷ Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, VeperyS, Chennai, India.

PMID: 35229412
DOI: 10.1111/odi.14175

Abstract

Objectives: The current study aimed in evaluating the prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV) in periodontitis and/or coronary artery disease (CAD) patients to compare with their healthy controls and insist their significance in the same.

Methodology: Two hundred and forty patients were divided into 4 groups. Non-periodontitis+non-cardiac (NP+NC) = 60 patients, periodontitis+non-cardiac patients (P+NC) = 60 patients, non-periodontitis+cardiac patients (NP+C) = 60 patients, and periodontitis+cardiac (P+C) = 60 patients. Demographic variables, cardiac and periodontal parameters were recorded. EBV, CMV, and HSV were evaluated in the subgingival plaque samples using RT-PCR (real-time polymerase chain reaction) and compared between the groups. The results were statistically analyzed using Student's t-test, Pearson's chi-square, Turkey post hoc analysis, and multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results: The demographic variables did not differ significantly between the groups, except for age. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein, and random blood sugar were significantly higher in NP+C and P+C (p ≤ 0.05). The plaque index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss (p ≤ 0.05) were significantly higher in P+NC and P+C. EBV and CMV were significantly higher in the two periodontitis groups P+NC and P+C (p-value = 0.000). HSV was significantly higher in the two cardiac groups (NP+C and P+C) (p≤0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between EBV and CAL (p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion: The study concluded that higher prevalence of EBV and CMV was found in groups with periodontitis patients. This indicates the significant role of the viruses in periodontitis as confirmed by association between EBV and CAL. The viruses were said to be highest in periodontitis patients with CAD. This could pave a new link in the risk of CAD in periodontitis patients.

Keywords: cardiovascular disease; periodontal disease; periodontal pocket; periodontitis; viruses.

MeSH terms

Cytomegalovirus
Cytomegalovirus Infections*
Epstein-Barr Virus Infections*
Herpesvirus 4, Human / genetics
Humans
Periodontitis* / complications
Periodontitis* / epidemiology
Simplexvirus