Dietary Vitamins A, C, and Potassium Intake Is Associated With Narrower Retinal Venular Caliber

Ayaka Edo; Diah Gemala Ibrahim; Kazuyuki Hirooka; Rie Toda; Muhammad Irfan Kamaruddin; Reo Kawano; Akiko Nagao; Haruya Ohno; Masayasu Yoneda; Yoshiaki Kiuchi

doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.818139

Dietary Vitamins A, C, and Potassium Intake Is Associated With Narrower Retinal Venular Caliber

Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Feb 10:9:818139. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.818139. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
² Department of Ophthalmology, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia.
³ Clinical Research Center in Hiroshima, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
⁴ Division of Nutrition Management, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
⁵ Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.

Abstract

Introduction: The retinal vasculature, a surrogate for the systemic microvasculature, can be observed non-invasively, providing an opportunity to examine the effects of modifiable factors, such as nutrient intake, on microcirculation. We aimed to investigate the possible associations of dietary nutrient intake with the retinal vessel caliber.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 584 participants in a medical survey of Japanese descendants living in Los Angeles in 2015 underwent a dietary assessment, fundus photographic examination, and comprehensive physical and blood examinations. Retinal vessel caliber was measured using fundus photographs with a semi-automated computer system and summarized as central retinal artery and vein equivalents (CRAE and CRVE). The association between dietary nutrient intake and retinal vessel caliber was analyzed using a multivariate linear regression model adjusted for two models including potential confounders. The first model was adjusted for age and sex. The second model was adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, history of coronary heart disease, and history of stroke.

Results: After adjustment of potential confounders, compared to the quartile with the lowest intake, the difference in CRVE for the highest quartile was -5.33 μm [95% confidence interval (CI): -9.91 to -0.76, P for trend = 0.02] for vitamin A, -4.93 μm (95% CI: -9.54 to -0.32, P for trend = 0.02) for vitamin C and -3.90 μm (95% CI: -8.48 to 0.69, P for trend = 0.04) for potassium.

Conclusions: A significant association was observed between higher vitamins A, C and potassium intakes and narrower retinal venular caliber.

Keywords: nutrient; potassium; retinal vascular caliber; vitamin A; vitamin C.