The Regulation of Integrated Stress Response Signaling Pathway on Viral Infection and Viral Antagonism

Yongshu Wu; Zhidong Zhang; Yanmin Li; Yijing Li

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.814635

The Regulation of Integrated Stress Response Signaling Pathway on Viral Infection and Viral Antagonism

Front Microbiol. 2022 Feb 11:12:814635. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.814635. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Yongshu Wu^{1

2}, Zhidong Zhang³, Yanmin Li³, Yijing Li²

Affiliations

¹ State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
² College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
³ College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.

Abstract

The integrated stress response (ISR) is an adaptational signaling pathway induced in response to different stimuli, such as accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins, hypoxia, amino acid deprivation, viral infection, and ultraviolet light. It has been known that viral infection can activate the ISR, but the role of the ISR during viral infection is still unclear. In some cases, the ISR is a protective mechanism of host cells against viral infection, while viruses may hijack the ISR for facilitating their replication. This review highlighted recent advances on the induction of the ISR upon viral infection and the downstream responses, such as autophagy, apoptosis, formation of stress granules, and innate immunity response. We then discussed the molecular mechanism of the ISR regulating viral replication and how viruses antagonize this cellular stress response resulting from the ISR.

Keywords: eIF2α phosphorylation; host; integrated stress response; unfolded protein response; viral replication.

Publication types

Review