Profiling of naturally occurring folates in a diverse soybean germplasm by HPLC-MS/MS

Kwadwo Gyapong Agyenim-Boateng; Shengrui Zhang; Md Shariful Islam; Yongzhe Gu; Bin Li; Muhammad Azam; Ahmed M Abdelghany; Jie Qi; Suprio Ghosh; Abdulwahab S Shaibu; Berhane Sibhatu Gebregziabher; Yue Feng; Jing Li; Yinghui Li; Chunyi Zhang; Lijuan Qiu; Zhangxiong Liu; Qiuju Liang; Junming Sun

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132520

Profiling of naturally occurring folates in a diverse soybean germplasm by HPLC-MS/MS

Food Chem. 2022 Aug 1:384:132520. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132520. Epub 2022 Feb 21.

Authors

Kwadwo Gyapong Agyenim-Boateng¹, Shengrui Zhang¹, Md Shariful Islam², Yongzhe Gu³, Bin Li¹, Muhammad Azam¹, Ahmed M Abdelghany⁴, Jie Qi¹, Suprio Ghosh⁵, Abdulwahab S Shaibu⁶, Berhane Sibhatu Gebregziabher⁷, Yue Feng¹, Jing Li¹, Yinghui Li³, Chunyi Zhang², Lijuan Qiu³, Zhangxiong Liu⁸, Qiuju Liang⁹, Junming Sun¹⁰

Affiliations

¹ The National Engineering Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
² Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
³ The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI)/Key Laboratory of Germplasm and Biotechnology (MARA), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
⁴ The National Engineering Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Crop Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22516, Egypt.
⁵ The National Engineering Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh.
⁶ The National Engineering Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Department of Agronomy, Bayero University, Kano 700001, Nigeria.
⁷ The National Engineering Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Crop Sciences Research Department, Mehoni Agricultural Research Center, Maichew 7020, Ethiopia.
⁸ The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI)/Key Laboratory of Germplasm and Biotechnology (MARA), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China. Electronic address: liuzhangxiong@caas.cn.
⁹ Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China. Electronic address: liangquiju@caas.cn.
¹⁰ The National Engineering Research Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, MARA Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology (Beijing), Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China. Electronic address: sunjunming@caas.cn.

PMID: 35217465
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132520

Abstract

Soybean is a rich source of folates. We optimised the extraction and detection of folates from soybean seeds by HPLC-MS/MS and analysed the folate content and composition of 1074 accessions. Total folate content ranged from 64.51 to 691.24 μg/100 g fresh weight, with 10-fold variation, and 60 elite accessions with over 400 μg/100 g of total folate were identified. The most abundant component was 5-CHO-H₄folate, which accounted for an average of 60% of total folate content. Seed-coat colour, seed weight, ecoregion, and accession type significantly affected soybean folate content. Furthermore, 5-CH₃-H₄folate correlated positively with seed protein (r = 0.24***) and negatively with oil (r = -0.26***). The geographical distribution of folate according to accession origin revealed that accessions from Northeast China contain higher amounts of total folate and 5-CHO-H₄folate. This study provides comprehensive and novel insights into the folate profile of soybean, which will benefit soybean breeding for folate enhancement.

Keywords: 10-Formyl-folic acid (PubChem CID: 135405023); 5,10-Methenyl-tetrahydrofolate (PubChem CID: 135398657); 5-Formyl-tetrahydrofolate (PubChem CID: 135403648); 5-Methyl-tetrahydrofolate (PubChem CID: 135483998); Acetonitrile (PubChem CID: 6342); Dihydrofolate (PubChem CID: 135398604); Elite accessions; Folate; Folic acid (PubChem CID: 135398658); Formic acid (PubChem CID: 284); Germplasm; HPLC-MS/MS; Methotrexate (PubChem CID: 126941); Natural variation; Sodium ascorbate (PubChem CID: 23667548); Sodium phosphate dibasic (PubChem CID: 24203); Sodium phosphate monobasic (PubChem CID: 23672064); Soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill); Tetrahydrofolate (PubChem CID: 135444742); α-Amylase (PubChem CID: 62698); β-Mercaptoethanol (PubChem CID: 1567).

MeSH terms

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Folic Acid / analysis
Glycine max*
Plant Breeding
Tandem Mass Spectrometry*

Substances

Folic Acid