Introduction: Regulatory authorities recognize two human populations: adults and children defined as <18 years. For drug approval, they demand separate studies. But humans mature slowly during puberty. The 18th birthday is an administrative limit that does not correspond to a physiological change. Separate drug approval before/after the 18th birthday reflects the children-are-therapeutic-orphans concept that emerged after 1962. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has backed away from this concept for antiepileptic drugs, but sticks to it in other areas. In contrast, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) is continuously expanding its demand for 'pediatric' studies. Parents hesitate increasingly to let their children participate in questionable studies.
Areas covered: Neurologists challenge the children-are-therapeutic-orphans mantra. Young patients do not need separate proof of efficacy & safety, but appropriate dosing recommendations. Minors should be treated as human beings, instead of being abused in questionable studies.
Expert opinion: Young patients with multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases deserve studies with therapeutic intentions. 'Pediatric' careers have emerged in academia, regulatory authorities, and pharmaceutical companies. Institutional Review Boards/ Ethics Committees should suspend questionable 'pediatric' studies and reject newly submitted ones. The medical professions should distance themselves from questionable 'pediatric' research that reflects massive conflicts of interest.
Keywords: Multiple sclerosis; children as therapeutic orphans; developmental pharmacology; pain; pediatric drug development; pediatric legislation.