One Health Paradigm to Confront Zoonotic Health Threats: A Pakistan Prospective

Nafeesa Yasmeen; Abdul Jabbar; Taif Shah; Liang-Xing Fang; Bilal Aslam; Iqra Naseeb; Faiqa Shakeel; Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad; Zulqarnain Baloch; Yahong Liu

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.719334

One Health Paradigm to Confront Zoonotic Health Threats: A Pakistan Prospective

Front Microbiol. 2022 Feb 8:12:719334. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.719334. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Nafeesa Yasmeen^{1

2}, Abdul Jabbar³, Taif Shah³, Liang-Xing Fang^{1

2}, Bilal Aslam⁴, Iqra Naseeb⁵, Faiqa Shakeel⁵, Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad⁶, Zulqarnain Baloch², Yahong Liu^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
² Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
³ Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.
⁴ Department of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
⁵ Institute of Applied Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Punjab, Pakistan.
⁶ Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Punjab, Pakistan.

Abstract

The emergence and re-emergence of zoonotic diseases significantly impact human health, particularly those who live in impoverished areas and have close contact with domestic or wild animals. Nearly 75% of zoonotic diseases are transmitted directly from animals to humans or indirectly via vector/agent interactions between animals and humans. Growing populations, globalization, urbanization, and the interaction of the environment with humans and livestock all play roles in the emergence and spread of zoonotic diseases. "One Health" is a multidisciplinary concept aimed at improving human, animal, and environmental health, but this concept is not widely accepted in developing countries. In Pakistan, environmental, human, and animal health are severely affected due to a lack of sufficient resources. This review article provides an overview of the most common zoonotic diseases found in Pakistan and emphasizes the importance of the "One Health" concept in managing these diseases. Given the current situation, interdisciplinary research efforts are required to implement and sustain effective and long-term control measures in animal, human, and environmental health surveillance and accurate diagnostic methods.

Keywords: One Health; Pakistan; human; livestock; zoonotic disease.

Publication types

Review