Aim: This retrospective, longitudinal study examined the predictive value of the ages and stages questionnaire (ASQ) in late infancy for identifying children who progressed to have low cognitive ability at 5 years of age.
Methods: The ASQ was performed on 755 participants from the Irish BASELINE birth cohort at 24 or 27 months of age. Intelligence quotient was measured at age 5 with the Kaufmann Brief Intelligence Test, Second Edition, and low cognitive ability was defined as a score more than 1 standard deviation below the mean. The ASQ's predictive value was examined, together with other factors associated with low cognitive ability at 5 years.
Results: When the ASQ was performed at 24 or 27 months, the overall sensitivity for identifying low cognitive ability at 5 years was 20.8% and the specificity was 91.1%. Using a total score cut-off point increased the sensitivity to 46.6% and 71.4% at 24 and 27 months, but specificity fell to 74.1% and 67.2%, respectively. After adjusting for ASQ performance, maternal education and family income were strongly associated with cognitive outcomes at 5 years.
Conclusion: The ASQ did not detect the majority of children with low cognitive ability at age 5. Alternative methods need investigation.
Keywords: Kaufman brief intelligence test; ages and stages questionnaire; cognitive ability; early child development; early intervention.
© 2022 The Authors. Acta Paediatrica published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Foundation Acta Paediatrica.