Treatment outcome and associated factors among patients admitted with acute poisoning in a tertiary hospital in Eastern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

Shambel Nigussie; Fekade Demeke; Melaku Getachew; Firehiwot Amare

doi:10.1177/20503121221078155

Treatment outcome and associated factors among patients admitted with acute poisoning in a tertiary hospital in Eastern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

SAGE Open Med. 2022 Feb 17:10:20503121221078155. doi: 10.1177/20503121221078155. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Shambel Nigussie¹, Fekade Demeke², Melaku Getachew³, Firehiwot Amare⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia.
² Department of Epidemiology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Jigjiga University, Somali, Ethiopia.
³ Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramay University, Harar, Ethiopia.
⁴ Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Abstract

Introduction: Acute poisoning causes morbidity and mortality worldwide. There is scarce of information on acute poisoning in the study area.

Objective: To assess treatment outcome and the associated factors among patients admitted with acute poisoning at Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. All acutely poisoned patients who had been admitted at the emergency department of Hiwot Fana Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2020 who fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the study were included. Data were collected by review of medical records. Poor treatment outcome of acute poisoning was defined as the acutely poisoned patient was died, or survived with disability. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with the outcome of acute poisoning.

Result: A total of 175 patient's medical records were reviewed. Of these, 150 patient's medical records had complete information and were included in the final analysis. The majority of participants 89 (59.3%) were in the age group of 19-37 years. More than half of the participants 86 (57.3%) were females. Organophosphate was the most poisoning agent encountered in 62 cases. Acetaminophen was the predominant drug poisoning agent encountered in 10 participants. Among 30 patients managed with antidote, 18 patients were treated with atropine for organophosphate poisoning. Of all the poisoning cases admitted during the study period, 16.7% died. Participants who were poisoned by themselves were 2.4 times more likely to have poor treatment outcomes than those who were poisoned accidentally: 2.44 (95% confidence interval: 1.10-5.42). The odd of having poor treatment outcome in participants who were poisoned by drugs was 2.13 more likely: 2.13 (95% confidence interval: 1.21-3.32).

Conclusion: Organophosphate was the predominant cause of acute poisoning encountered in 62 cases. The modes of poisoning and drug poisoning were significant risk factors associated with poor treatment outcomes of acute poisoning.

Keywords: Eastern Ethiopia; Outcome; poisoning; treatment.