Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders refer to gastrointestinal tract conditions, ranging from dyspepsia to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and malignant tumors. Biomarkers, which are assessable indicators of the presence or severity of the disorders, are indispensable agents to diagnose GI conditions. Diagnostic biomarkers, including serological biomarkers, antibodies, immunological biomarkers, fecal biomarkers, and genetic biomarkers (Non-encoding RNAs), are investigated and categorized in this review. Furthermore, we have discussed the essential biological functions and diagnostic roles and the advantages and disadvantages of these biomarkers, besides novel genetic biomarkers such as miRNA-146a and their role in GI diseases.
Keywords: Biomarker; Crohn's disease; Gastrointestinal disorders; Inflammatory bowel diseases; miRNAs.
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