Identification of tolerance levels on the cold-water coral Desmophyllum pertusum (Lophelia pertusa) from realistic exposure conditions to suspended bentonite, barite and drill cutting particles

PLoS One. 2022 Feb 22;17(2):e0263061. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263061. eCollection 2022.

Abstract

Cold-water coral (CWC) reefs are numerous and widespread along the Norwegian continental shelf where oil and gas industry operate. Uncertainties exist regarding their impacts from operational discharges to drilling. Effect thresholds obtained from near-realistic exposure of suspended particle concentrations for use in coral risk modeling are particularly needed. Here, nubbins of Desmophyllum pertusum (Lophelia pertusa) were exposed shortly (5 days, 4h repeated pulses) to suspended particles (bentonite BE; barite BA, and drill cuttings DC) in the range of ~ 4 to ~ 60 mg.l-1 (actual concentration). Physiological responses (respiration rate, growth rate, mucus-related particulate organic carbon OC and particulate organic nitrogen ON) and polyp mortality were then measured 2 and 6 weeks post-exposure to assess long-term effects. Respiration and growth rates were not significantly different in any of the treatments tested compared to control. OC production was not affected in any treatment, but a significant increase of OC:ON in mucus produced by BE-exposed (23 and 48 mg.l-1) corals was revealed 2 weeks after exposure. Polyp mortality increased significantly at the two highest DC doses (19 and 49 mg.l-1) 2 and 6 weeks post-exposure but no significant difference was observed in any of the other treatments compared to the control. These findings are adding new knowledge on coral resilience to short realistic exposure of suspended drill particles and indicate overall a risk for long-term effects at a threshold of ~20 mg.l-1.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adaptation, Physiological*
  • Animals
  • Anthozoa / drug effects*
  • Anthozoa / growth & development
  • Barium Sulfate / pharmacology*
  • Bentonite / pharmacology*
  • Carbon / chemistry
  • Carbon / metabolism
  • Coral Reefs
  • Extraction and Processing Industry / methods
  • Humans
  • Longevity / drug effects
  • Nitrogen / chemistry
  • Nitrogen / metabolism
  • Norway
  • Particulate Matter / pharmacology*
  • Respiratory Rate / drug effects*
  • Respiratory Rate / physiology
  • Water / chemistry

Substances

  • Particulate Matter
  • Water
  • Bentonite
  • Barium Sulfate
  • Carbon
  • Nitrogen

Grants and funding

This study and the writing of the manuscript was financed by Equinor AS under contract #4590073409. We are particularly grateful for their role in the study design, discussions of the results, decision to publish, discussions and comments on the manuscript made by Tone K. Frost and Ingunn Nilsen from Equinor AS. The funders had no additional role in study design, data collection and analysis, or preparation of the manuscript.