Effect of Ce-doped bioactive glass/collagen/chitosan nanocomposite scaffolds on the cell morphology and proliferation of rabbit's bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived osteogenic cells

Hanan F Hammouda; Mohammad M Farag; Mervat M F El Deftar; M Abdel-Gabbar; Basant M Mohamed

doi:10.1186/s43141-022-00302-x

Effect of Ce-doped bioactive glass/collagen/chitosan nanocomposite scaffolds on the cell morphology and proliferation of rabbit's bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-derived osteogenic cells

J Genet Eng Biotechnol. 2022 Feb 21;20(1):33. doi: 10.1186/s43141-022-00302-x.

Authors

Hanan F Hammouda¹, Mohammad M Farag², Mervat M F El Deftar³, M Abdel-Gabbar⁴, Basant M Mohamed⁴

Affiliations

¹ The Healthy Chemistry Department, Center Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Cairo, Egypt.
² Glass Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth Str., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt. mmfaragnrc@gmail.com.
³ Department Pathology, Tissue Culture and Cytogenesis Unit, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
⁴ Departmentof Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.

Abstract

Background: Cerium-containing materials have wide applications in the biomedical field, because of the mimetic catalytic activities of cerium. The study aims to deeply estimate the biocompatibility of different scaffolds based on Ce-doped nanobioactive glass, collagen, and chitosan using the first passage of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) directed to osteogenic lineage by direct and indirect approach. One percentage of glass filler was used (30 wt. %) in the scaffold, while the percentage of CeO₂ in the glass was ranged from 0 to 10 mol. %. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by monitoring of cell morphological changes and reduction in cell proliferation activity of BMMSCs maintained under osteogenic condition using proliferation assays, MTT assay for the direct contact of cells/scaffolds twice in a week, trypan blue and hemocytometer cell counting for indirect contact of cells/scaffolds extracts at day 7. Cell behaviors growth, morphology characteristics were monitored daily under a microscope and cell counting were conducted after 1 week of the incubation of the cells with the extracts of the four composite scaffolds in the osteogenic medium at the end of the week.

Results: Showed that at 24 h after direct contact with composite scaffold, all scaffolds showed proliferation of cells > 50% and increased in cell density on day 7. The scaffold of the highest percentage of CeO₂ in bioactive glass nanoparticles (sample CL/CH/C10) showed the lowest inhibition of cell proliferation (< 25%) at day 7. Moreover, the indirect cell viability test showed that all extracts from the four composite scaffolds did not demonstrate a toxic effect on the cells (inhibition value < 25%).

Conclusion: The addition of CeO₂ to the glass composition improved the biocompatibility of the composite scaffold for the proliferation of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells directed to osteogenic lineage.

Keywords: Cerium; Chitosan; Collagen; Mesenchymal stem cells; Nanobioactive glass; Osteogensis; Scaffold.