Online, Face-to-Face, or Blended Learning? Faculty and Medical Students' Perceptions During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-Method Study

Hani Atwa; Mohamed Hany Shehata; Ahmed Al-Ansari; Archana Kumar; Ahmed Jaradat; Jamil Ahmed; Abdelhalim Deifalla

doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.791352

Online, Face-to-Face, or Blended Learning? Faculty and Medical Students' Perceptions During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-Method Study

Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Feb 3:9:791352. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.791352. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Hani Atwa^{1

2}, Mohamed Hany Shehata^{3

4}, Ahmed Al-Ansari¹, Archana Kumar^{1

5}, Ahmed Jaradat³, Jamil Ahmed³, Abdelhalim Deifalla^{6

7}

Affiliations

¹ Medical Education Unit, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain.
² Medical Education Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
³ Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain.
⁴ Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt.
⁵ Department of Physiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College, SRIHER, Chennai, India.
⁶ Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain.
⁷ Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.

Abstract

Background: COVID-19 pandemic forced educational institutions to adopt online methods which were inevitable to keep continuity of education across all academia after suspension of traditional educational systems. The aim of this study was to explore the experience of faculty and students of online and face-to-face learning, and their preference of the mode of learning after the pandemic.

Methods: This is a mixed-method study. Quantitative data was collected through a survey from 194 medical students and 33 faculty members, while qualitative data was collected through two focus group discussions with 9 students and another two with 13 faculty members. Quantitative variables were presented as means and standard deviations. Paired samples t-test and Chi-square test were used. Thematic analysis of qualitative data was used to code, interpret, and make sense of data.

Results: Mean scores of responses of faculty members and students were higher for face-to-face and blended learning compared to online learning in all survey statements with statistically significant differences. More than half of the students (53.1%) preferred the face-to-face mode of learning, while most of the faculty members (60.6%) preferred the blended mode of learning. Qualitative analysis identified five themes, namely: "Transforming the way theoretical teaching sessions are given," "Face-to-face teaching at campus cannot be replaced for some types of education," "Interaction in online sessions is limited," "Problems and challenges of online examinations," and "Technical issues and challenges of online education." It revealed suggestions that at least 30% of the curriculum could be taught online post-COVID-19. Some aspects of clinically oriented teaching including history taking and case discussions can also be delivered online in the future. Faculty members and students reported that dealing with online education was not difficult, although the transition was not smooth.

Conclusion: Medical students and faculty members were in favor of face-to-face and blended modes of learning. However, they perceived online mode of learning as an acceptable adaptation in theoretical teaching and in some clinically oriented teaching including history taking and clinical case discussions. Although face-to-face education in medicine is irreplaceable, the blended mode of learning remains an acceptable and practical solution for the post-COVID era.

Keywords: COVID-19 adaptations; COVID-19 experience; blended learning; face-to-face; online.