Objective: To establish the morphological reference values for the differential count of white blood cells in peripheral blood smear as well as nucleated cells and megakaryocytes in bone marrow smear. Methods: From April 2012 to June 2020, 4 221 healthy donors for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in Hebei Yanda Lu Daopei Hospital were selected. The median age was 36 (3-72) years old, including 2 520 males and 1 701 females. They were divided into four groups according to age: children group, with age≤14 years old [n=334, 11 (3-14) years old], youth group, with age >14 years old and <45 years old [n=2 855, 33 (15-44) years old], middle-aged adult group, with age ≥45 years old and < 60 years old [n=929, 49 (45-59) years old], and older adult group, with age ≥60 years old [n=103, 62 (60-72) years old]. Gender subgroups were established in each age group. According to different hematopoietic characteristics, the children group were divided into two subgroups: children group 1 [n=48, 6 (3-7) years old] and children group 2 [n=286, 11 (8-14) years old]. According to the clinical routine, 100 white blood cells in peripheral blood, 200 nucleated cells in bone marrow, and cell numbers/4.5 cm2 for megakaryocytes were classified and counted. The results of cell count in different age and gender groups were compared, and the reference values of morphological classification were established for different groups with statistical or clinical significance. Results: Due to the existence of statistically significant differences between children and adult groups and different gender subgroups in adults (all P<0.05), the reference values were established for children group and adult gender subgroups. The counts of segmented neutrophils and lymphocytes in peripheral blood were 46.65(43.97-49.32)% and 44.00(10.60-65.10)% in children group 1, 50.73(49.50-51.96)% and 39.55 (38.36-40.74)% in children group 2, and 57.00 (39.00-75.23) % and 33.00 (17.00-52.00) % in adult group, respectively. Bone marrow segmented neutrophils, orthochromatic erythroblasts, and mature lymphocytes were 11.54 (10.68-12.41)%, 14.20 (13.19-15.21)%, and 23.99 (22.06-25.92)% in children group 1, 12.50 (7.00-21.50)%, 15.00(9.50-25.50)%, and 21.02 (20.24-21.81)% in children group 2, 13.50 (7.50-21.00)%, 16.50 (10.50-26.00)%, and 15.50 (7.50-26.00)% in adult male group, and 14.50 (8.00-24.50)%, 14.50 (9.00-23.00)%, and 17.50 (8.50-29.00)% in adult female group, respectively. The myelopoiesis/erythropoiesis ratio in children group, adult male group and adult female group was 1.86∶1 (1.14∶1-3.23∶1), 1.96∶1 (1.12∶1-3.19∶1), 2.22∶1 (1.30∶1-3.69∶1), respectively. The numbers of granular megakaryocytes and thromocytogenic megakaryocytes were 138 (25-567) cells/4.5cm2 and 86 (13-328) cells/4.5 cm2 in children group, and 92 (13-338) cells/4.5 cm2 and 38 (3-162) cells/4.5 cm2 in adult group, respectively. Conclusion: The morphological reference values for the differential count of white blood cells in peripheral blood smear as well as nucleated cells and megakaryocytes in bone marrow smear are successfully established, which is helpful to improve the application of morphological examination in disease screening, diagnosis and monitoring.
目的： 建立外周血白细胞、骨髓有核细胞和巨核细胞形态学分类计数的参考区间。 方法： 选取2012年4月至2020年6月河北燕达陆道培医院参与筛查造血干细胞移植的健康供者4 221名，年龄36（3~72）岁，其中男2 520名，女1 701名。按照年龄分为4组：儿童组：≤14岁［334名，年龄11（3~14）岁］；青年组：>14岁且<45岁组［2 855名，年龄33（15~44）岁］；中年组：≥45岁且<60岁组［929名，年龄49（45~59）岁］；老年组≥60岁［103名，年龄62（60~72）岁］。此外，同一年龄组根据不同性别分为2组。儿童组又根据造血特点将其分为儿童1组［48名，年龄6（3~7）岁］和儿童2组［286名，年龄11（8~14）岁］。按照临床血细胞形态学常规检验方法，对外周血白细胞（分类计数100个白细胞）、骨髓有核细胞（计数200个有核细胞）及巨核细胞（细胞数/4.5 cm2）进行分类计数。比较不同年龄组和同年龄不同性别组间细胞计数结果的差异，对差异有统计学意义或临床意义的不同组分别建立形态学分类计数参考区间。 结果： 儿童与成人组之间、成人组不同性别间细胞计数结果差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05），因此对儿童组、成人不同性别组分别建立参考区间。儿童1组外周血分叶核细胞和淋巴细胞形态学计数参考区间分别为46.65（43.97~49.32）%和44.00（10.60~65.10）%，儿童2组分别为50.73（49.50~51.96）%和39.55（38.36~40.74）%，成人组分别为57.00（39.00~75.23）%和33.00（17.00~52.00）%。儿童1组骨髓中性分叶核粒细胞、晚幼红细胞、成熟淋巴细胞形态学计数参考区间分别为11.54（10.68~12.41）%、14.20（13.19~15.21）%和23.99（22.06~25.92）%，儿童2组分别为12.50（7.00~21.50）%、15.00（9.50~25.50）%和21.02（20.24~21.81）%，成人男性组分别为13.50（7.50~21.00）%、16.50（10.50~26.00）%和15.50（7.50~26.00）%，成人女性组分别为14.50（8.00~24.50）%、14.50（9.00~23.00）%和17.50（8.50~29.00）%。儿童1组和2组粒红比参考区间均为1.86∶1（1.14∶1~3.23∶1），成人男性组为1.96∶1（1.12∶1~3.19∶1），成人女性组为2.22∶1（1.30∶1~3.69∶1）。儿童组骨髓颗粒型巨核细胞和产板型巨核细胞参考区间分别为138（25~567）、86（13~328）个/4.5 cm2，成人组分别为92（13~338）、38（3~162）个/4.5 cm2。 结论： 建立了外周血白细胞、骨髓有核细胞和巨核细胞的形态学分类计数的参考区间，有助于提高临床血细胞形态学检验在疾病筛查、诊断和监测中的应用水平。.