Dissolved nitrogen in salt-affected soils reclaimed by planting rice: How is it influenced by soil physicochemical properties?

Abstract

Planting rice is an effective way to reclaim salt-affected soils, but overapplying nitrogen fertilizer has resulted in a large loss in the amounts of soil dissolved nitrogen (SDN) from paddy fields. While the dynamic of SDN and its response to changes in soil physicochemical properties by planting rice are well-studied in non-salt-affected soils, little is known about the relationship between the SDN and soil physicochemical properties in reclaimed salt-affected soils. To fill this knowledge gap, soil samples were collected from bare salt-affected soils and three paddy fields with different reclaimed years (4, 9, 20) in six soil layers. Compared with bare salt-affected soils, soil salinity and sodicity exhibited trends of firstly increasing and then decreasing, whereas organic matter and total nitrogen tended to increase with the extension of the reclamation year. Soil dissolved organic carbon and total dissolved phosphorous showed decreasing trends. The sand content showed an increasing tendency, whereas the silt and clay contents tended to decrease. Ammonium nitrogen concentrations in reclaimed paddy fields were higher than those of bare salt-affected soils, and nitrate nitrogen concentrations in reclaimed paddy fields were smaller than those of bare salt-affected soils. However, the changing trends of dissolved organic nitrogen concentrations were not consistent among paddy fields with different reclamation years. Meanwhile, statistical analysis results revealed significant correlations between SDN and soil physicochemical properties. Moreover, dominant drivers influencing SDN were grouped using principal component analysis, identifying the following factors including soil sodicity, active nutrients, soil texture and water retention. Redundancy analysis also revealed that the soil physicochemical properties explained 69.65% of the variation in SDN and the influenced relationship between soil physicochemical properties and SDN nutrients. This study enhances our understanding of the mechanisms influencing SDN during planting rice and has implications for the management of the nutrient application of reclaimed salt-affected soils.

Keywords: Rice; Salt-affected soil; Soil dissolved nitrogen (SDN); Soil reclamation.