Distal Ruthenaelectro-Catalyzed meta-C-H Bromination with Aqueous HBr

Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2022 May 9;61(20):e202201595. doi: 10.1002/anie.202201595. Epub 2022 Mar 16.

Abstract

While electrochemical ortho-selective C-H activations are well established, distal C-H activations continue to be underdeveloped. In contrast, we herein describe the electrochemical meta-C-H functionalization. The remote C-H bromination was accomplished in an undivided cell by RuCl3 ⋅3 H2 O with aqueous HBr. The electrohalogenation proceeded under exogenous ligand- and electrolyte-free conditions. Notably, pyrazolylarenes were meta-selectively brominated at the benzenoid moiety, rather than on the electron-rich pyrazole ring for the first time. Mechanistic studies were suggestive of an initial ruthenacycle formation, and a subsequent ligand-to-ligand hydrogen transfer (LLHT) process to liberate the brominated product.

Keywords: C−H Activation; Electrosynthesis; Halogenations; Ruthenium; meta-Functionalization.