Independent risk factors of COVID-19 pneumonia in vaccinated Mexican adults

Int J Infect Dis. 2022 May:118:244-246. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.02.003. Epub 2022 Feb 12.

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate host factors associated with the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia in vaccinated adults.

Methods: A cohort study was conducted in Mexico, and data from 1607 adults with confirmed illness, with a positive history of COVID-19 vaccination, were analyzed. Risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed as a measure of the significance of the associations between putative risk factors and the prevalence of COVID-19 pneumonia in vaccinated subjects.

Results: The overall risk of pneumonia was 1.98 per 1000 person-days. In the multiple regression analysis, older subjects, those with a history of smoking (current), obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus were at increased risk of pneumonia.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines may be reduced in a subset of adults who are older aged, smokers, obese, or have type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Keywords: COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Obesity; Pneumonia; Smoking; Vaccination.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • COVID-19 Vaccines
  • COVID-19* / epidemiology
  • COVID-19* / prevention & control
  • Cohort Studies
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* / complications
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2* / epidemiology
  • Humans
  • Mexico / epidemiology
  • Pneumonia*
  • Risk Factors

Substances

  • COVID-19 Vaccines