A mathematical model for the quantitative analysis of the interaction between cancer cells and cell-mediated immune system with two discrete-time delays, considering the role of antibodies, is studied in this paper. The model is analyzed both analytically and numerically to understand the dynamics of interaction delay and proliferation enhancement effect delay in the eradication of cancer. Hopf bifurcation occurs when one-time delay crosses the critical value in the absence of the other. It is also observed that as we increase any of the delays, it will increase the cancer burden. The analysis shows that a cancer-free state cannot be obtained solely by the killing rate of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, but humoral response in combination with cell-mediated immune responses plays an important role to eradicate cancer.
Keywords: Antibodies; B-cells; Cancer cells; Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes; Discrete delays; Hopf bifurcation; Plasma cells.
© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.