The biocompatibility and the antioxidant activity of barium titanate (BaTiO3) and lithium niobate (LiNbO3) were investigated on a neuronal cell line, the PC12, to explore the possibility of using piezoelectric nanoparticles in the treatment of inner ear diseases, avoiding damage to neurons, the most delicate and sensitive human cells. The cytocompatibility of the compounds was verified by analysing cell viability, cell morphology, apoptotic markers, oxidative stress and neurite outgrowth. The results showed that BaTiO3 and LiNbO3 nanoparticles do not affect the viability, morphological features, cytochrome c distribution and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by PC12 cells, and stimulate neurite branching. These data suggest the biocompatibility of BaTiO3 and LiNbO3 nanoparticles, and that they could be suitable candidates to improve the efficiency of new implantable hearing devices without damaging the neuronal cells.
Keywords: PC12; ROS; apoptosis; neuronal cell line; oxidative stress; piezoelectric material.