Simultaneous detection of carmoisine and tartrazine in food samples using GO-Fe3O4-PAMAM and ionic liquid based electrochemical sensor

Fariba Garkani Nejad; Iran Sheikhshoaie; Hadi Beitollahi

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2022.112864

Simultaneous detection of carmoisine and tartrazine in food samples using GO-Fe₃O₄-PAMAM and ionic liquid based electrochemical sensor

Food Chem Toxicol. 2022 Apr:162:112864. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112864. Epub 2022 Feb 12.

Authors

Fariba Garkani Nejad¹, Iran Sheikhshoaie², Hadi Beitollahi³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, 76175-133, Iran.
² Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, 76175-133, Iran. Electronic address: i_shoaie@yahoo.com.
³ Environment Department, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran. Electronic address: h.beitollahi@yahoo.com.

PMID: 35157927
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112864

Abstract

This study was performed to investigate the simultaneous detection of carmoisine and tartrazine, two food azo dyes, with a new voltammetric sensor based on graphene oxide-Fe₃O₄ (GO-Fe₃O₄) nanocomposite functionalized with fourth-generation poly(amidoamine) (G4 PAMAM) dendrimers (GO-Fe₃O₄-G4 PAMAM) and ionic liquid (IL) modified carbon paste electrode (GO-Fe₃O₄-G4 PAMAM/ILCPE). The GO-Fe₃O₄-G4 PAMAM was synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM), and fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) techniques. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to evaluate the electrochemical behavior of carmoisine, revealing the good electrocatalytic function of GO-Fe₃O₄-G4 PAMAM/ILCPE. Linear response from 0.1 to 170.0 μM was obtained based on carmoisine electrochemical oxidation through differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The limit of detection (LOD) value obtained was 0.02 μM. Also, the GO-Fe₃O₄-G4 PAMAM/ILCPE was used for the simultaneous determination of carmoisine and tartrazine. In co-existence system containing carmoisine and tartrazine, the developed sensor exhibited well-defined and separate DPV peaks (i.e., 770 mV) for carmoisine and tartrazine. Besides, repeatability, reproducibility and stability studies were performed. Additionally, the analytical application of this sensor was demonstrated by determination of carmoisine and tartrazine in food samples including lemon juice and powdered juice.

Keywords: Carbon paste electrode; Carmoisine; Graphene oxide-Fe(3)O(4) nanocomposite; Ionic liquid; Poly(amidoamine) dendrimers; Tartrazine; Voltammetric sensor.