Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antigens as Targets of Antibody Responses

Alana F Ogata; Roey Lazarovits; Augusta Uwamanzu-Nna; Tal Gilboa; Chi-An Cheng; David R Walt

doi:10.1016/j.cll.2021.10.002

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antigens as Targets of Antibody Responses

Clin Lab Med. 2022 Mar;42(1):97-109. doi: 10.1016/j.cll.2021.10.002. Epub 2021 Nov 3.

Authors

Alana F Ogata¹, Roey Lazarovits², Augusta Uwamanzu-Nna³, Tal Gilboa¹, Chi-An Cheng¹, David R Walt⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, 3 Blackfan Cir, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
² Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, 3 Blackfan Cir, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
³ Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
⁴ Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, 3 Blackfan Cir, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Electronic address: dwalt@bwh.harvard.edu.

Abstract

Humoral immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during acute infection and convalescence has been widely studied since March 2020. In this review, the authors summarize literature on humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 antigens with a focus on spike, nucleocapsid, and the receptor-binding domain as targets of antibody responses. They highlight serologic studies during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and discuss the clinical relevance of antibody levels in COVID-19 progression. Antibody responses in pediatric COVID-19 patients are also reviewed. Finally, the authors discuss antibody responses during convalescence and their role in protection from SARS-CoV-2 reinfection.

Keywords: Antigen-antibody responses; Coronavirus antigens; Humoral immunity; SARS-CoV-2.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Antibodies, Viral
Antibody Formation
COVID-19*
Child
Humans
Immunity, Humoral
SARS-CoV-2*

Substances

Antibodies, Viral