Measuring retention within the adolescent brain cognitive development (ABCD)SM study

Sarah W Feldstein Ewing; Genevieve F Dash; Wesley K Thompson; Chase Reuter; Vanessa G Diaz; Andrey Anokhin; Linda Chang; Linda B Cottler; Gayathri J Dowling; Kimberly LeBlanc; Robert A Zucker; Susan F Tapert; Sandra A Brown; Hugh Garavan

doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101081

Measuring retention within the adolescent brain cognitive development (ABCD)^SM study

Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2022 Apr:54:101081. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101081. Epub 2022 Feb 4.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychology and Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Chafee Hall, 130 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI 02881, USA. Electronic address: feldsteinewing@uri.edu.
² Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, 210 McAlester Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. Electronic address: genevievedash@mail.missouri.edu.
³ Center for Human Development, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0115, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0115, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Electronic address: wes.stat@gmail.com.
⁴ Center for Human Development, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0115, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0115, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Electronic address: chasereuter1@gmail.com.
⁵ Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Electronic address: v1diaz@ucsd.edu.
⁶ Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Box 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Electronic address: andrey@wustl.edu.
⁷ Departments of Diagnostic Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, and Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. Electronic address: LChang@som.umaryland.edu.
⁸ Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA. Electronic address: lbcottler@ufl.edu.
⁹ Division of Extramural Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Electronic address: Gayathri.Dowling@nih.gov.
¹⁰ Division of Extramural Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Electronic address: Kimberly.leblanc@nih.gov.
¹¹ Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 1301 Catherine Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Electronic address: zuckerra@med.umich.edu.
¹² Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Electronic address: stapert@health.ucsd.edu.
¹³ Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Electronic address: sandrabrown@ucsd.edu.
¹⁴ Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, MS 446AR7, Burlington, VT 05401, USA. Electronic address: hgaravan@uvm.edu.

Abstract

The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD)^SM study aims to retain a demographically diverse sample of youth and one parent across 21 sites throughout its 10-year protocol while minimizing selective (systematic) attrition. To evaluate the effectiveness of these efforts, the ABCD Retention Workgroup (RW) has employed a data-driven approach to examine, track, and intervene via three key metrics: (1) which youth completed visits late; (2) which youth missed visits; and (3) which youth withdrew from the study. The RW actively examines demographic (race, education level, family income) and site factors (visit satisfaction, distance from site, and enrollment in ancillary studies) to strategize efforts that will minimize disengagement and loss of participating youth and parents. Data showed that the most robust primary correlates of late visits were distance from study site, race, and parental education level. Race, lower parental education level, parental employment status, and lower family income were associated with higher odds of missed visits, while being enrolled in one of the ancillary studies was associated with lower odds of missed visits. Additionally, parents who were primary Spanish speakers withdrew at slightly higher rates. These findings provide insight into future targets for proactive retention efforts by the ABCD RW.

Keywords: ABCD study®; Adolescents; Longitudinal studies; Metrics; Retention.

Publication types

Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

Adolescent
Brain
Cognition*
Educational Status
Humans
Parents*

Abstract

Publication types

MeSH terms

Grants and funding