Gut barrier disruption and chronic disease

Jan Martel; Shih-Hsin Chang; Yun-Fei Ko; Tsong-Long Hwang; John D Young; David M Ojcius

doi:10.1016/j.tem.2022.01.002

Gut barrier disruption and chronic disease

Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2022 Apr;33(4):247-265. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.01.002. Epub 2022 Feb 9.

Authors

Jan Martel¹, Shih-Hsin Chang², Yun-Fei Ko³, Tsong-Long Hwang⁴, John D Young⁵, David M Ojcius⁶

Affiliations

¹ Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
² Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
³ Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung Biotechnology Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan; Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
⁴ Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
⁵ Chang Gung Biotechnology Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: jdyoung@mail.cgu.edu.tw.
⁶ Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, USA. Electronic address: dojcius@pacific.edu.

PMID: 35151560
DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.01.002

Abstract

The intestinal barrier protects the host against gut microbes, food antigens, and toxins present in the gastrointestinal tract. However, gut barrier integrity can be affected by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including genetic predisposition, the Western diet, antibiotics, alcohol, circadian rhythm disruption, psychological stress, and aging. Chronic disruption of the gut barrier can lead to translocation of microbial components into the body, producing systemic, low-grade inflammation. While the association between gut barrier integrity and inflammation in intestinal diseases is well established, we review here recent studies indicating that the gut barrier and microbiota dysbiosis may contribute to the development of metabolic, autoimmune, and aging-related disorders. Emerging interventions to improve gut barrier integrity and microbiota composition are also described.

Keywords: dietary fiber; gut barrier integrity; gut microbiota; leaky gut; mucus; phytochemicals.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review

MeSH terms

Chronic Disease
Dysbiosis
Gastrointestinal Microbiome*
Humans
Inflammation
Microbiota*